Tube Hydroforming:  Graphic and Paragraph courtesy of ERC/NSM.

The processes require the proper combination of part design, material selection, and application of internal pressure and axial feeding. By using Finite Element Analysis methods, process parameters can be determined before manufacturing the dies and starting die try-out and process development.  Full information on this paragraph is on the website of  The Engineering Research Center for Net Shape Manufacturing

The FEA process simulation is used to develop successful tube hydroforming processes that would produce parts without defects. Finite Element Analysis software packages are capable of simulating the tube hydroforming processes. FE Analysis (FEA) can be conducted to predict and eliminate most of the defects in the deformation zone such as buckling, wrinkling and bursting.